BAGHRAMIAN, Marshal IVAN (Hovhannes) Kh. (Chartakhlu, Armenia, 1897–) Educated Tiflis. Volunteered in 1915 in Russian army. Bolshevik. Fought for Sovietisation of Lori and Georgia (1921). Commander of the First Armenian Cavalry Brigade 1923–31. At the Frunze military Academy 1931–4. On outbreak of second world war in Kiev from where he effected a skilful withdrawal (winter 1941). Commander First Baltic front in Byelorussia and East Prussia (June–October 1944). Promoted to marshal in 1955; deputy defence minister of the USSR under Khrushchev; member of the Central Committee CPSU, 1961. Memoirs published in Moscow in 1971.